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Syria
- Political System
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GENERAL
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INVESTMENTS
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ECONOMICAL
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POLITICAL
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Geographical Data
Land Use
Demographics
Health & Education
Infrastructure |
Policies/Regulations
Customs/Tax
Property Rights
Guaranties |
National Accounts
External Sector
Labor Force
Economic Indicators |
General Info.
Political System
Media & Society
Foreign Affairs |
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ELECTORAL
SYSTEM
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The
President is elected every seven years in a nationwide referendum after
nomination as sole candidate by the People's Assembly on the recommendation
of the ruling Al Hizb al Baath al'Arabi al Ishtriraki party.
There is universal
adult suffrage with a minimum voting age of 18. Candidates for the People's
Assembly must be at least 25 years old. |
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Distribution
of Seats in National Assembly
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The
Majlis al-Sha'ab (People's Assembly) is currrently elected in 15
multi-member constituencies (single-member prior to the 1990 elections).
The appropriate number of candidates are elected by simple majority, on
party lists put forward by the member parties of the umbrella Al Jabha
al Wataniyah at Wahdwamiyah (National Proegressive Fron)t, with 84 out
of 250 seats reserved for independents at the last (May 1990) elections.
There were 2.657 candidates for the 250 seats in 1990 and an electoral
contest in a large number of constituencies.
The Constitution
requires that 51% of the Assembly's members must be workers and peasants. |
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Parties
in the People's Assembly Dec. 1st 98)
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Seats |
% |
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JWW
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Hizb
al Baath al'Arabi al Ishtriraki |
Baath |
135 |
54 |
| Hizb
al Shuyui al Suri |
HSS |
8 |
3.2 |
| Ittihad
al Ishtiraki al'Arabi |
IIA |
7 |
2.8 |
| Hraka
at Tawhidiyah al Ishtirakiyah |
HTI |
7 |
2.8 |
| Hizb
al Ishtiraki al'Arabi |
HIA |
6 |
2.4 |
| Hizb
al Dimuqrati al Tawdhidi al Ishtiraki |
HDTI |
4 |
1.6 |
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Non-partisans
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- |
83 |
33.2 |
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Total
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250 |
% |
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Former
Elections
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| Type |
Date
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| Presidential
elections |
December
2nd 1991 |
| Parlamentarian
elections |
December
1st 1998 |
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STATE
POWER DIVISION
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The
Constitution
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A new permanent
Constitution was endorsed by 97,6% of the voters in a national referendum
on 12 March 1973. The 147-article Constitution defines Syria as a "Socialist
Popular Democracy" with a "pre-planned Socialist economy". Under the new
Constitution, Lt-Gen. al-Assad remained President, with the power to appoint
and dismiss his Vice-President, Premier and government ministers, and also
became Commander-in Chief of the armed forces, Secretary-General of the
Baath Socialist Party and President of the National Progressive Front.
Legislative power is vested in the People's Assembly, with 250 members
elected by universal adult suffrage (84 seats are reserved for independent
candidates).
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Executive
Branch
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Executive
power is vested in the President.
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| Legislative
Branch |
Legislative
authority rests with the People's Assembly.
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Judicial
System
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The Courts
of Law in Syria are principally divided into two juridical court systems:
Courts of General Jurisdiction and Administrative Courts. Since 1973 the
Supreme Constitutional Court has been established as the paramount body
of the Syrian judicial structure.
The Supreme
Constitutional Court is the hightest court in Syria. It has specific
jurisdiction over:
- judicial
review of the constitutionality of laws and legislative decrees;
- investigation
of charges relating to the legality of the election of members of the People's
Assembly;
- trial of
infractions committed by the President of the Republic in the exercise
of his functions;
- resolution
of positive and negative jurisdictional conflicts and determination of
the competent court between the different juridical court systems, as well
as other bodies exercising judicial competence.
The Supreme
Constitutional Court is composed of a Chief Justice and four Justices.
They are appointed by decree of the President of the Republic for a renewable
period of four jears.
The Courts
of General Jurisdiction in Syria are divided into six categories: the
Court of Cassation, the Courts of Appeal, the Tribunals of First Instance,
the Tribunals of Peace, the Personal Status Courts, and the Courts for
Minors. Each of the above categories (except the Personal Status Court)
is divided into Civil, Penal and Criminal Chambers.
The Administrative
Courts have jurisdiction over litigations involving the state or any
of its governmental agencies. The Administrative Courts system is divided
into two courts: the Administrative Courts and the Judicial Administrative
Courts, of which the paramount body is the High Administrative Court.
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GOVERNMENT
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Head
of the Government Mahmud ZUBI (Prime Minister)
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| Vice-Presidents |
Representative |
| Vice-Presidency
for Political and Foreign Affairs |
Abd
al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM |
| Vice-President
for Internal and Party Affairs |
Zuhayr
MASHARIQA |
| . |
| Office |
Representative |
| Deputy
Prime Minister and Minister of Defense |
Lt.
Gen. Mustafa TALAS |
| Deputy
Prime Minister in charge of Public Services |
Rashid
AKHTARINI |
| Deputy
Prime Minister in charge of Economic Affairs |
Salim
YASSIN |
| Minister
of Foreign Affairs |
Farouk
al-SHARA |
| Minister
of Information |
Muhammad
SALMAN |
| Minister
of the Interior |
Muhammad
HARBAH |
| Minister
of Supply and Internal Trade |
Nadim
AKKASH |
| Minister
of Local Government |
Yahya
ABU ASALI |
| Minister
of Education |
Ghassan
HALABI |
| Minister
of Higher Education |
Saliha
SANQAR |
| Minister
of Electricity |
Munib
Saim al-DAHER |
| Minister
of Culture |
Dr.
Najah al-ATTAR |
| Minister
of Transport |
Mufid
ABD AL-KARIM |
| Minister
of Economy and Foreign Trade |
Dr.
Muhammad al-IMADI |
| Minister
of Petroleum and Mineral Wealth |
Muhammad
Maher Hosni JAMAL |
| Minister
of Industry |
Ahmad
NIZAM AL-DIN |
| Minister
of Finance |
Khalid
al-MAHAYNI |
| Minister
of Housing and Utilities |
Hussam
al-SAFADI |
| Minister
of Justice |
Hussein
HASSUN |
| Minister
of Agreiculture and Agrarian Reform |
Asad
MUSTAFA |
| Minister
of Irrigation, Public Works and Water Ressources |
A.
ar-Rahman Madani |
| Minister
of Communications |
Radwan
MARTINI |
| Minister
of Health |
M.D.
Iyad SHATTI |
| Minister
of Construction |
Majid
Izzu RUHAYBANI |
| Minister
of Religious Trust |
Abdul-Raouf
ZIADA |
| Minister
of Labour and Social Affairs |
Ali
KHALIL |
| Minister
of Tourism |
Danhu
DAWUD |
| Minister
of Irrigation |
Abd
al-Rahman MADANI |
| Minister
for Presidential Affairs |
Wahib
FADIL |
| Minister
of State |
Yusif
al-AHMAD |
| Minister
of State |
Abdallah
TULBA |
| Minister
of State |
Nabil
al-MALLAH |
| Minister
of State |
Hanna
MURAD |
| Minister
of State for Environmental Affairs |
Abd
al-Hamid MUNAJJID |
| Minister
of State for Foreign Affairs |
Nasir
QADDUR |
| Minister
of State for Planning Affairs |
Abd
al-Rahim al-SUBAI |
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Ministries
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Ministry
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Address
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Contact
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Ministry
of Agriculture
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- POB
961043, Amman
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( 686151)
Telex:
24176;
fax 686310.
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Ministry
of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs
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- POB
659, Amman
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( 666141)
Telex
21559.
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Ministry
of Communictions
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- POB
71, Amman
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( 624301)
Telex:
21666.
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Ministry
of Defence
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- POB
1577, Amman
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( 644361)
Telex:
21200
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Ministry
of Education
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- POB
1646, Amman
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( 607181)
Telex
21396;
Fax: 666019.
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Ministry
of Finance
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- POB
85, Amman
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( 636321)
Telex:
23634;
Fax: 618528
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Ministry
of Foreign Affairs
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- POB
1577, Amman
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( 644361)
Telex:
21255
Fax 648825
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Ministry
of Health
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- POB
86, Amman
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( 665131)
Telex:
21595
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Ministry
of the Information
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- POB
1794, Amman
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( 661147)
Telex:
21749
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Ministry
of the Interior
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- POB
100; Amman
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( 663111)
Telex:
23162
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Ministry
of Justice
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- POB
6040, Amman
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( 663101)
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Ministry
of Labour
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- POB
9052, Amman
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( 630343)
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Ministry
of Municipal, Rural and Environmenatl Affairs
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- POB
1799, Amman
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( 641393)
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Ministry
of Public Work and Housing
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- POB
1220, Amman
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( 668481)
Telex:
21944
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Ministry
of Social Development
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- POB
6720, Amman
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( 673191)
Fax 673198
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Ministry
of Supply
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- POB
830, Amman
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( 602121)
Telex:
21278
Fax 604691
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Ministry
of Tourism and Antiquities
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- POB
224, Amman
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( 642311)
Telex:
21741
Fax 648465.
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Ministry
of Trade and Industry
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- POB
2019, Amman
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( 663191)
Telex:
21163
Fax 603721.
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Ministry
of Transport
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- POB
35214, Amman
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(6) 607111
Telex:
21541
Fax (6)
607233.
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Last update: 13/6/2000 |
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MEDINA
PROJECT
Tel.: +34
91 397 41 91
Fax: +34 91
397 39 43
e-mail:medina@uam.es |
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